Author: Abitawiskwe

En février dernier, Gérard Bouchard – Historien et Sociologue grandement respecté, écrivait un article publié dans “La Presse”, Le faux «sang indien» des Québécois. Dans cet ouvrage, monsieur Bouchard critique le film L’Empreinte et prononce que la théorie du métissage intensif s’accorde mal avec les faits. 

Ah bon.

Son récit rappelle l’introduction du Blood Quantum Law des Colonies Britanniques au début du 18e siècle. La Colonie de Virginie fût la première tentative concrète d’assimilation du people Autochtone basée sur l’apport sanguin. 

Tuer l’Indien, Sauver l’Enfant.

Rarement parle-t’on des Premières Nations, Inuit et Métis au Québec. On est tellement gardés sous silence qu’un mouvement nationaliste Métis des Prairies se propose l’exclusivité ethnique. Ces gens, Sociologues comme Gérard Bouchard, se sont imisciés dans les plus grands centres Universitaires canadiens. Ils prolètisent une version ethnocentrique des Métis. Tout comme Bouchard, leur narrative sert à assimiler toutes personnes de sang mixte venant de l’extérieur du centre sacrosaint de la Rivière Rouge.

Ils ont beaucoup à gagner. Nous risquons tout perdre. Le dernier souffle du Métis québécois? Ils ont travaillé bien fort en introduisant des lois, en utilisant la force et, comme monsieur Bouchard, le mépris. Ces tentatives en ont taits beaucoup, mais certains subsistent. On se sent isolés de nos cousins Autochtones, mais encore plus de nos cousins de l’Ouest: les Dubois, Beaugrand, Champagne, et j’en passe… Les descendants de nos ancêtres communs, plusieurs étant déjà Métis avant d’entreprendre leur long voyage vers le territoire du bison, nous renient, ayant comme peur une dilution de notre nouvellement gagné statut Autochtone…

Devons-nous rester silencieux? Y a-t-il une place pour nous, Métis Québécois, à la grande table?

I’m still having a hard time figuring this out.

It’s expected that Sociologists are interested in the study of the origins and organization of societies. Right. But how is it that some Sociologists are so biaised and unequivocal in repudiating the existence of Métis outside of the Red River area?

I can’t wrap my brain around the fact that Indigenous persons, or that ANYONE would actively lobby to abrogate someone else’s heritage – except maybe 19th Century Colonizers, AMIRITE???

Their reasoning is as appaling as those long dead politicians. The fear is that if too many people claim themselves as Métis, then they would outnumber First Nations and Inuit COMBINED. Woah.

Listen, I’m not gonna justify Settlers who will just pull out or even invent some long lost Indigenous relative – it’s hip, or whatever – Blech. That being said, either those scholars have used faulty ethnogenesis or had a biais. Either way, NOT COOL.

ANYWAYS…

Am I the only one that’s wondering if the fear is diluting the Indigenous collective, or that Indigenous persons could possibly become over represented in future Census reports, forcing the redirection of resources and government programs?

I don’t know. It sounds crazy. But so does the lack of clean water and housing and the outrageous food insecurity in some Indigenous communities.

Either way, that narrative is being advocated in our Universities. Kind of like the rhetorics of ole Macdonald’s days.

A while ago, I began to follow this really dynamic Indigenous blogger who has a legal degree and works with Inuit here in Montreal. I was really impressed – (and still am!) at how well spoken she was, and admire her Advocacy. She had an online book discussion. Métis, by Chris Andersen, UBC Press (ISBN: 9780774827218) was the book reviewed. I was very interested.

Chris Andersen argues that Canada got it wrong. He weaves together personal anecdotes, critical race theory, and discussions of history and law to demonstrates that our understanding of “Métis” – that our very preoccupation with mixedness – is not natural but stems from more than 150 years of sustained labour on the part of the state, scholars, and indigenous organizations. From its roots deep in the colonial past, the idea of “Métis as mixed” pervaded the Canadian consciousness through powerful sites of knowledge production such as the census and courts until it settled in the realm of common sense. In the process, “Métis” has become an ever-widening racial category rather than the identity of an indigenous people with a shared sense of history and culture centred on the fur trade.

Andersen asks all Canadians to consider the consequences of adopting a definition of “Métis” that makes it nearly impossible for the Métis Nation to make political claims as a people. (Source: http://www.ubcpress.com/search/title_book.asp?BookID=299174387)

I jumped right in. I wanted to learn more about challenges facing Métis and the description was exactly where I thought I should start and I looked forward to connecting with Métis from everywhere.

As I read through this very scholarly book, I began to realize that its author, a Faculty of Native Studies Professor at the University of Alberta, was actually presenting his seemingly well researched opinion that Métis are members of a Nation exclusive to the Northwest parts of Canada (more specifically Manitoba and Saskatchewan) and that all other persons that came to be through the relationships between fur traders and Indigenous persons were not Métis, but mixed-blood persons. Maybe Indigenous, maybe not.

BlahBlahBlah…WUT???

That was a first for me.  I always knew that I was Métis – I’ve never questioned that. What was he talking about? I left the discussion group. I felt very disenfranchised and really, really confused.

I started inquiring to try to find out if this was a common theory amongst a circle of Sociologists that teach in Faculties of Indigenous Studies across the country.

I have had discussions on Twitter or Facebook with a few of them, including Dr. Andersen. Their narrative reminds me very much of the narratives of Quebec Sovereignists that assert – erroneously – that all Francophones are in Quebec. Yeah, people here in La Belle Province are always so shocked to learn that there are strong Francophone communities in places far, far away in Canadaland! 

I hate this narrative. I find the narrative very Colonialist. These scholars are actively promoting an argument of exclusivity necessary to make political claims as a people, excluding others that have self-identified as Métis (or Michif or Bois-Brûlé or Half-Breed). I’m not cool with that.

My great-grandmother identified as Métis. She was born in 1882, and died in 1981. I got to know her, speak to her, listen to her. I have to write a post just about her life. It was very interesting.

Anyways… SHE IDENTIFIED AS MÉTIS. Not the Government. Her. Her family. Me. If you haven’t already, please take a moment to read my last post. I used Spotify to show the a recap of a discussion on the “rights to claim Métis identity” I had with Adam Gaudry, who’s an Assistant-Prof in Native Studies at USask. It’s a doozy, I promise you. Read how a young man who didn’t know he was Métis when he was growing up (see the Acknowledgement section of his 2009 thesis) tell me “if you have Indigenous ancestry, it’s with Indigenous peoples in Quebec, not with us.”

This guy is standing on a podium, spewing this rhetoric to Indigenous Studies University Students. 

Denying my ethnicity. NOT COOL.